Sonography in cervical insufficiency:

This ultrasound image of gravid uterus shows the cervix measuring 1.1 cms. in length (shortening) with dilatation (3mm.) of the internal os. The image was taken using the transvaginal route, using a Toshiba Xario ultrasound system. Dilatation with effacement of the cervix are diagnostic of cervical insufficiency. The management in this case would mean cervical cerclage.
See: Clinical aspects of cervical insufficiency (free article)
Image courtesy of Dr. Gunjan Puri, India.

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From the virtual 3D image to real life size models of the fetus

Just saw this interesting link: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1195703/The-stunning-new-technology-allows-parents-hold-life-size-model-unborn-child.html
It seems a PhD student Jorge Lopes has found a method to create 3D life size plaster models of the fetus as seen on 3D Ultrasound and MRI imaging. The replicas can help the mother identify and bond more intensely with the baby in the womb. Maybe, in the not too distant future, we may see Obstetricians and radiologists prepare plaster models, as easily as thermal print images of the fetus!!

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An aften ignored setting during sonography:

One of the most prominent settings control on any ultrasound machine is the gain knob. Yet, this happens to be one of the most unused. This knob in conjunction with the TGC or Depth gain is very useful. A good example is the female child. Here, transabdominal ultrasound to image the ovaries and small uterus can be a real pain. But lower the gain or Depth gain, and you should be able to see the ovaries, even if very small. It works in most cases.
Observe the images of the thyroid here:
With high gain settings, the margins of the thyroid and fine detail are lost. With too low gain, most of the thyroid becomes poorly visible. Optimal gain settings show both internal and marginal details. Another observation: when Color Doppler imaging is switched on, the overall gain goes down.. the gain has to be increased to compensate for this.

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Sonography of fetal kidneys with Autosomal recessive Polycystic kidney disease

This fetal kidney shows typical features of ARPKD (autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease) also called infantile polycystic kidney disease. This congenital disease of the kidney can be present from as early as fetal stage and may be detected as late as in childhood.
The fetal kidneys in this case show minute cysts with grossly hyperechoic kidneys.
Read more at: http://www.ultrasound-images.com/fetal-urogenital.htm

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Sedimenting echoes in urinary bladder:

Sediment producing echogenic debris in the urinary bladder can be caused by a number of factors.
Excessive amounts of Phosphate crystals in the urine is one cause. It can also be due to pyuria or pyogenic material in the urine secondary to urinary tract infection; sometimes it may be caused by hematuria (blood in urine) or chyluria following filariasis. Other causes include uricosuria (uric acid excess) or increase in oxalate crystals. This ultrasound image shows debris in the distended urinary bladder, gravitating to the dependent part.
This ultrasound image is courtesy of Dr. Ravi Kadasne, UAE.
For more sonographic images of the urinary bladder visit: http://www.ultrasound-images.com/urinary-bladder.htm

Ultrasound video of ectopia cordis

This sonographic video shows a fetus with severe kyphoscoliosis and pulsating fetal heart lying almost outside the fetal thorax. Note the close relation between the fetal heart and fetal bladder.


The fetal abdomen shows almost no contents. The aborted fetus showed omphalocele with ectopia cordis. There was only a thin transparent membrane overlying the fetal heart, lying almost entirely outside the thorax.

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Bicornuate uterus with pregnancy

These transvaginal sonographic images show a bicornuate uterus with an early gestation sac in the right horn (cornu). Ultrasound images also show decidual tissue in the left horn. These patients can have normal pregnancy to full term, but must be carefully followed, as some may undergo a miscarriage.
Images courtesy of Dr. Jaydeep Gandhi, Mumbai, India.
Reference: http://www.ultrasound-images.com/early-pregnancy.htm
(more images and details)

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Ultrasound images of retrocaecal appendix

the fluid filled caecum is easily visualized
















the normal appendix (long section) seen posterior to the caecum



the appendix in cross section lying posterior to the caecum (retrocaecal appendix).
All 3 images taken using a Philips IU22 ultrasound system, courtesy of Dr. Ravi Kadasne, UAE.
For more images of the appendix, visit our website at:
http://www.ultrasound-images.com/appendix.htm

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